Schema Therapy, developed by Dr. Jeffrey Young in the 1990s, combines cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), attachment theory, psychodynamic concepts, and experiential techniques. It is particularly effective for treating personality disorders, chronic depression, and complex issues that have not improved with other therapies. By addressing deep patterns of thinking and behaviour, Schema Therapy helps uncover habits and beliefs often rooted in childhood.
This approach focuses on identifying and resolving maladaptive schemas—ingrained patterns of thinking and behaviour that negatively impact mental health and relationships. Designed for individuals dealing with complex mental health challenges, Schema Therapy offers tools to create lasting positive change. If you want to transform long-standing patterns in your life, this therapy could be right for you.
At Cova Psychology, our Melbourne psychologists and schema therapists deliver Schema Therapy to address a range of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, and personality disorders. Using evidence-based techniques, we aim to help you improve your mental health and build stronger relationships.
Schemas are deeply ingrained, self-defeating life patterns that develop early in life. They shape how we interpret the world and often lead to recurring behaviours or emotional responses that contribute to mental health issues.
While schemas often operate subtly and may not always be noticeable, they can dominate thoughts and feelings when triggered. These triggers, whether internal or external, intensify mental health challenges, making therapy important for addressing them effectively.
Schema Therapy focuses on 18 schemas that can be identified and addressed during the therapeutic process.
For a full list and description of the 18 schemas explored in schema therapy: http://www.schematherapy.com/id73.htm
In schema therapy, the therapist first helps the client to identify and understand the schemas influencing their perception, emotional states, and behaviours. As part of this process, the therapist and the client will explore the origins of the clients’ unmet needs where their schemas may have been learned.
Following this, the therapist then aims to help the client recognise how they react to their schemas when they are triggered. Clients learn how to respond to their schemas in ways that are healing, self-enhancing, and meeting one’s emotional needs. This involves learning how to manage the thoughts, urges, and behaviours that are triggered by a schema, whilst moving towards more healthy and helpful ways of relating to oneself and others. This is explored experientially within the therapy room, but may also be worked on outside of appointments as “homework” in between sessions.
Schema Therapy identifies unmet core emotional needs during childhood as a key factor in the development of maladaptive schemas. These emotional needs, essential for healthy growth, include:
When these needs are unmet or inadequately met, maladaptive schemas can form. Over time, they may lead to difficulties with emotional regulation, relationships, mood issues (such as depression), and overall mental health. These schemas often contribute to anxiety, depression, and related conditions in adulthood.
Schema Therapy also explores schema modes—moment-to-moment emotional states and coping responses that shift depending on the situation. Each mode involves specific schemas and coping styles, activated as a way of managing distress or unmet needs.
Schema therapists take a compassionate, validating approach to help clients understand and manage these modes. They actively guide clients through reparenting techniques and psychological challenges. By incorporating CBT techniques, Schema Therapy helps clients replace negative thought patterns with healthier, more adaptive ways of thinking.
Schema modes can be grouped into four main categories:
Child Modes
These modes reflect childlike parts of ourselves and often stem from unmet emotional needs. They include:
Coping Modes
These modes involve strategies to manage pain and stress, but they can create additional challenges:
Critical Modes
These modes represent internalised negative voices:
Healthy Adult Mode
This mode reflects a balanced, compassionate self that nurtures the vulnerable child, sets boundaries, and makes healthy decisions.
Schema Therapy Melbourne focuses on identifying and understanding schemas and modes, recognising their triggers, and developing healthier ways to respond. The therapy involves several key steps:
Awareness
In the early stages, clients learn to identify their schemas and modes as well as the triggers that activate them. Therapists conduct a full assessment using questionnaires and emotional tracking to uncover underlying patterns.
Validation and Understanding
Clients validate their experiences and understand how their thoughts, behaviours, and feelings developed as a response to early life experiences and unmet needs.
Experiential Techniques
Techniques like imagery rescripting and chair work help clients access and reprocess past traumas safely. These methods allow clients to express and validate emotions, view past events differently, and develop healthier emotional responses.
Cognitive Techniques
Therapists help clients challenge distorted beliefs and assumptions linked to schemas. By examining thoughts and weighing evidence, clients develop more balanced and adaptive thinking, which weakens maladaptive schemas.
Behavioural Techniques
Clients work on changing unhelpful coping styles and practising healthier behaviours. This may include breaking patterns that reinforce schemas, practising new skills, and facing avoided situations. Behavioural experiments and homework help reinforce these changes.
Therapeutic Relationship
The therapeutic relationship is central to Schema Therapy Melbourne. Therapists create a safe, nurturing environment where clients explore vulnerabilities and develop trust. This relationship helps clients strengthen their Healthy Adult mode and build self-care, self-compassion, emotional regulation, and decision-making skills.
At Cova Psychology, we understand that some clients benefit from a combined therapeutic approach. For example, Schema Therapy is often paired with Mentalisation-Based Therapy (MBT) to enhance outcomes, particularly for individuals navigating complex mental health challenges, such as personality disorders or difficulties in emotional regulation. MBT focuses on improving the ability to understand and interpret one’s own thoughts and feelings, as well as those of others, which complements Schema Therapy’s work on deep-seated patterns and behaviours. Our Melbourne psychologists are skilled in both Schema Therapy and MBT, offering providing, evidence-based care personalised to your unique needs.
Research into Schema Therapy has shown it to be an effective approach for treating a range of complex mental health conditions, including mood disorders such as chronic depression, and anxiety. Studies emphasise its effectiveness in addressing deep-rooted patterns of thinking and behaviour, particularly in treating personality disorders. Schema Therapy continues to be explored in psychological studies, gaining recognition for improving emotional regulation, stabilising mood, and addressing destructive patterns of behaviour.
At Cova Psychology, we offer a range of trauma-informed and evidence-based treatments, including Schema Therapy. We are passionate about Schema Therapy and have seen its positive impact on our clients.
Our Melbourne Psychologists and Schema Therapists provide Schema Therapy at our Melbourne CBD clinic and across Australia via online sessions.
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Acknowledgement of Country
Cova Psychology acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the land where our Melbourne CBD practice is located—the Wurundjeri Woi-wurrung and Bunurong/Boon Wurrung peoples of the Kulin Nation. We pay respect to their Elders, past and present, as well as the Elders of other Aboriginal communities in Melbourne and beyond.
We would like to acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land on which the practice is located. We pay our respects to their Elders, past and present, and the Aboriginal Elders of other communities who may be here today.