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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In Australia, approximately 6-8% of children and 3-5% of adults experience ADHD symptoms. That’s over a million Australians!
The neurodiversity paradigm posits that neurological differences should be recognised and respected as a natural form of human diversity. It challenges the traditional medical model, which often pathologises these differences, and instead promotes the idea that neurodivergent individuals, including those with ADHD, have unique strengths and perspectives that can be valuable to society.
This paradigm shift encourages us to move away from solely focusing on deficits and impairments and towards recognising the strengths and contributions of individuals with ADHD. It aligns with broader societal values of diversity and inclusion, advocating for environments that support and celebrate neurological differences rather than trying to normalise them. Understanding ADHD from a clinical perspective is crucial in creating a compassionate, non-judgmental therapeutic environment where clients can explore their unique challenges and receive tailored support and strategies. Therapy can also play a significant role in helping individuals develop skills to manage their ADHD symptoms.
ADHD is typically diagnosed based on a set of behavioural criteria outlined in the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). These criteria include persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development.
In the DSM-V, ADHD presents in 3 ways:
Predominantly inattentive symptoms like a lack of concentration or focus.
Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive symptoms like speaking or acting without thinking first.
A combination of both.
From a neurodiversity-affirming perspective, these behaviours are seen as part of natural variation, however for many reasons individuals may wish to access a formal assessment and diagnosis. It is important that registered psychologists (or other appropriately qualified health professionals, such as psychiatrists or paediatricians) to be involved in an ADHD assessment.
Individuals with ADHD often exhibit high levels of creativity, energy, and enthusiasm. They may have an extraordinary ability to think outside the box, solve problems in innovative ways, and hyperfocus on tasks that interest them. These traits can be highly advantageous in various contexts, such as entrepreneurial ventures, creative industries, and fast-paced environments where quick thinking and adaptability are crucial.
While recognising the strengths associated with ADHD, it is also important to acknowledge the challenges that individuals with this condition may face. The traditional educational and occupational systems are often not designed to accommodate neurodiverse ways of thinking and working, which can lead to difficulties for individuals with ADHD. Developing strategies and skills to manage these challenges can be helpful for improving daily functioning and overall well-being.
In educational settings, students with ADHD may struggle with the structure and demands of traditional classrooms, which often require sustained attention, organisation, and the ability to sit still for extended periods. This can result in academic underachievement, frustration, and negative self-perception. In the workplace, adults with ADHD may encounter challenges related to time management, organisation, and meeting deadlines. Traditional work environments that prioritise routine and consistency can be particularly challenging.
There are many misconceptions about ADHD which can hinder individuals from seeking diagnosis and treatment, potentially leading to long-term negative outcomes. Examples of these include:
One prevalent myth is that ADHD is not a legitimate condition. However, extensive research supports that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic basis. It affects brain function and structure, leading to significant challenges in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Recognising ADHD as a real condition is crucial for understanding and supporting those who have this experience. Addressing ADHD is also essential for improving mental health and tackling related mental health concerns.
Another common myth is that ADHD is caused by poor parenting. This belief is false and damaging. ADHD has a biological basis and is influenced by genetic and neurodevelopmental factors. Parenting style does not cause ADHD, though supportive parenting can help manage its affects.
Some argue that ADHD is over-diagnosed, but studies indicate that it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Misunderstandings about ADHD and reluctance to seek professional help contribute to this issue. Proper diagnosis by healthcare professionals using standardised criteria is essential for accurate identification and support.
It is a misconception that children with ADHD will simply outgrow it. While some symptoms may diminish with age, ADHD often persists into adulthood. Many adults continue to experience significant challenges, which can affect their personal and professional lives if not properly managed. One of the concerns is that as people get older they learn to mask their ADHD traits. Whilst in the past this may have been considered “getting better” or out-growing the condition. It has now been demonstrated that masking can have a detrimental impact on the individual’s mental health, and that there are more affirming and healthier ways to manage symptoms of ADHD.
Another myth is that medication is the only effective treatment for ADHD. While medication can be beneficial, especially in managing core symptoms, actually other interventions, including cognitive-behavioural therapy, lifestyle changes, and environmental modifications, are key for optimal outcomes.
The stereotype that ADHD primarily affects boys leads to under-diagnosis in girls and women. Girls often present with less overt hyperactivity, leading to missed or delayed diagnosis. Recognising that ADHD affects all genders is important for ensuring everyone receives appropriate support and that people are able to find kinship with like-minded people.
As neurodiversity-affirming psychologists, we have an important role in working with individuals with ADHD. This involves:
At Cova Psychology, we have a special interest in ADHD, and have a number of Melbourne psychologists who are passionate about working in this area. If you have an ADHD diagnosis or are struggling with some of the above symptoms, psychological treatment with a therapist experienced in treating ADHD can help. If you’d like to explore booking in for an appointment with a Cova therapist get in touch with our friendly reception team by:
Our therapists are available for both face to face and telehealth sessions.
If this page was helpful, our blog post about Adult ADHD may also be of interest.
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Let’s discuss your needs and match you with the right Melbourne psychologist.
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Cova Psychology acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the land where our Melbourne CBD practice is located—the Wurundjeri Woi-wurrung and Bunurong/Boon Wurrung peoples of the Kulin Nation. We pay respect to their Elders, past and present, as well as the Elders of other Aboriginal communities in Melbourne and beyond.
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We would like to acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land on which the practice is located. We pay our respects to their Elders, past and present, and the Aboriginal Elders of other communities who may be here today.
